To cast more light on how this sort of
“imitation” is processed and on how Plato cannot reach this far that
everyone can become a creator themselves,[12] I should like to
incite宋七力 (Sungchili)’s metaphor for本體 (Ben-ti/Primordial Mind). 宋七力
(Sungchili) describes本體 (Ben-ti/Primordial Mind) as a mirror, a
metaphysical mirror which on one side mirrors all mutable,
perishable material things and creatures in our everyday world, and
on the other side projects them into itself to form purely
intelligible, self-subsisting entities and constitute an immutable,
eternal, spiritual world, in contrast with the transient physical
world. This spiritual realm, embracing all ideal values of reality,
goodness, and beauty, and containing as many intelligible entities
as one may possibly wish; is the consummate revelation of one’s
own本體 (Ben-ti/Primordial Mind). One could, by means of creating
his/her own spiritual world, become a real creator, an artificer of
his/her own spiritual realm. |
| [12]Ibid., 346. |
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19.為了進一步了解“模仿”所指的意涵為何,以及為何柏拉圖遠不能像本尊一樣分身,成為真正的主宰,以下我將引用本尊對本體(本心)的比喻來加以說明。“本體”好比一面形上的明鏡,統攝宇宙萬物的種種,並以此為根據,創造出種種永恆不滅的精神實體於形上界中,與物質世界之種種短暫之存有成對比。此精神宇宙融合了所有真善美等理想價值,是本體體性之圓滿表達,在此意義下,個人可以創造屬於自己的精神宇宙,每個人都可以成為創造者。 |
Besides, from a scientific
perspective concerning the origin and evolution of the universe,
there seems to be of no signs of forceful evidence to support the
existence of an almighty God who creates everything and sets rules
over the operation of the universe. The phrase “cosmic creator”
should not be denoted as the one almighty God, meant to satisfy our
obsessive belief in the existence of a supreme governor who lies far
beyond and holds the entire control over the universe. Rather,
“cosmic creator” should be denoted in a metaphysical sense,
referring to the “metaphysical mirror”—one’s own 本體 (Ben-ti/Primordial
Mind)—from which all intelligible entities derive. Inasmuch as 本體
(Ben-ti/Primordial Mind) is intrinsic to human nature, i.e. every
single person has his/her own “metaphysical mirror,” everyone is
endowed with the potential to become a real cosmic artificer, to
create an intelligible realm entirely at one’s whim, where all
reveries and ideals, impracticable in this much-restricted material
world, may be perfectly realised with utmost beauty, goodness, and
reality. Plato fails to penetrate this point, however; he does not
recognise the metaphysical sense of “mirror” and employs it only in
the physical sense, the sense that what is reflected in the mirror
is indubitably nothing real but transient appearance. What Plato
perceives of the material mirror is definitely true. This is why
Plato gives no everlasting value to mirror-holders; he regards them
just as appearance-creators and, as a consequence, fails to envisage
how all of us, as “mirror-holders” in a metaphysical sense, can
become real creators ourselves. [13] |
| [13]Ibid. |
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此外,就像科學家不認為有一個客觀的神存在並創造世界萬物,所謂的“宇宙創造者”應該是要以形上的角度來理解,若就之前所提到本體像一面明鏡能創造宇宙萬有,其實“創造者”應該是指人人內心的本體,而非外在的神。既然人人各自有本體,每個人心中都有那面“明鏡”,人人都可成為創造者,創造屬於自己的精神宇宙,融合所有真善美等價值,實現所有現實世界中所不能達成的理想,做自己的主宰。柏拉圖沒能體會到這一點,他沒有體會到形上的明鏡,只體會到物質世界裡的鏡子。 |
The main concern for
becoming a real creator is, in宋七力 (Sungchili)’s remarks, to attain
the “ultimate pleasure” of self-mastery, the kind of pleasure which
beholds a sense even wider and loftier than Plato’s “genuine
pleasure.” Plato compares two layers of pleasure: “illusory
pleasure” and “genuine pleasure;” the former, from the stance of
contradiction between pain and pleasure, indicates an absence of
pain or, in other words, an intermediate between pain and pleasure
whereas the later, at the pole of pure pleasure, denotes the
pleasure of the mind, which is unsullied by the slightest pain. 宋七力
(Sungchili)’s “ultimate pleasure,” surpassing these two layers of
meaning, denotes the loftiest sort, which on one hand breaks through
the incompatibility between the two poles of pain and pleasure, and
on the other hand attains the realm where former incompatibility no
longer exists, where badness can be transformed into goodness and
likewise pain into pleasure, all by the functioning of one’s own本體
(Ben-ti/Primordial Mind), i.e. by the sudden shift of mental state
from the material world, where all sorts of agonies and pains keep
flowing towards us in all directions and fettering our minds with
pessimistic obsessions, to the intelligible realm, where what cannot
be realised in this much-restricted material world, including all
reveries and ideals, can be perfectly fulfilled with values of
goodness, beauty, and eternity. This transition of state, from being
slaves to being self-master, from being fettered by external,
uncontrollable factors which constantly constrain our modes of
thinking, our free will, to having every ideals, every this-worldly
impracticable reveries perfectly realised and arranged in the exact
way as one orders; represents the complete revelation of one’s own本體
(Ben-ti/Primordial Mind) and the full actualisation of one’s freedom
of mind; it is from which the sense of self-satisfaction,
self-contentment arises. This satisfaction, overflowing from the
deepest end of one’s mind and replacing all the pains which formerly
dominated the mind, is what宋七力 (Sungchili) calls the “ultimate
pleasure” of self-mastery. |
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20.本尊所強調要成為自我真宰,其目的主要是要達到最高境界的喜悅,亦即“常淨我樂”。此種喜悅超越柏拉圖的“genuine
pleasure(真正的喜悅)”。柏拉圖區分兩種層次的喜悅,第一層的喜悅是從痛苦與痛苦之解除的對比上而言的快樂,此快樂是來自於痛苦的消除,故柏拉圖認為是來自於痛苦之消除,不是真正的喜悅。第二層的喜悅,柏拉圖稱之為“真正的喜悅”,是純粹發自內心的喜悅,沒有受到任何痛苦的沾染。本尊所說的喜悅是真正超越的喜悅,打破柏拉圖所區分的兩極:痛苦與快樂是兩個不相容的兩端,亦即痛苦就是痛苦,痛苦不能變為快樂;但本尊所謂的喜悅則超越這樣的對立區別,達到痛苦可以隨心所欲的轉化為喜悅之境界,瞬間化痛苦為美好,解脫痛苦,解脫束縛,達到解脫境界,隨自己的意念把痛苦、束縛轉化為美好,融合所有真善美之理想,實現所有現實世界無法達成的理想,做自己的主宰,這就是所謂的常 |
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淨“我”樂。雖然物質的鏡子也能反照世界上的物質實體,但鏡子內所反射的物體只有虛無的幻影,有賴鏡子才能存在的影像。柏拉圖認為,雖然人人都可拿著一面鏡子來照萬事萬物,但這並不是真正的創造者,因為鏡子所反射的影子是虛幻的,非真實的存有。柏拉圖體會的這點固然沒錯,只可惜他沒有體會到本尊所說“本心”就是形上的那面明鏡,故也無法體會到其實人人確實都可成為創造者,成為自己的主宰。 |
As regards the religious concern for “eternal life,” 宋七力 (Sungchili) upholds
neither the “resurrection” of the flesh-and-blood body nor the
traditional “individual immortality,” which, in Kant’s remarks,
serves as the presupposition of the satisfaction of morality
inasmuch as he believes that morality may never be consummated in
this world of appearances, but only in a future world, i.e. an
intelligible world or moral world. Rather, as Hegel believes that
human mind is immortal, 宋七力 (Sungchili) asserts the immortality of
one’s own本體 (Ben-ti/Primordial Mind), which may be attributed to the
transcendent attributes of human mind, say, the atemporal eternity,
which transcends the division of physical time or, more
specifically, breaks through all the dividing lines of “past,”
“present,” and “future,” and attains the realm where all these lines
are obliterated, where what cannot happen at the present time,
namely, what occurred in the past or what will come in the future,
can all be apprehended by one’s own本體 (Ben-ti/Primordial Mind) and
then projected in the present time and space, all by the functioning
of 本體 (Ben-ti/Primordial Mind)’s transcendent attributes, namely,
eternity, infinitude, amplitude, and etc. In this sense, “present”
encompasses other two modes of time—“past” and “future;” the
grasping of “present” suggests the grasping of both “past” and
“future.” This is why宋七力 (Sungchili), like this-worldly philosophers
looking into the present world rather than into a remote future,
leaves no effort in encouraging people to treasure their present
life and in spurring them to have their transcendent natures
completely revealed in this life, with their分身 (Fen-shen) embodied
as a testimony of reaching the consummation of one’s own本體 (Ben-ti/Primordial
Mind) and by means of which to assure the preservation of the sense
of “I” after death. Since分身 (Fen-shen), according to宋七力 (Sungchili)’s
experience, is a perfect intelligible entity which possesses not
only the features of one’s own physical body and the memories during
one’s lifetime (See page 8), but also the transcendent nature of本體
(Ben-ti/Primordial Mind), i.e. eternity, infinitude, amplitude, and
all the highest values of reality, goodness, and beauty. In order to
expand one’s limited lifetime to eternity and to elevate the quality
of life—to ascend from brutality, from the much constrained physical
world to the spiritual realm where all ideals can be realised with
goodness and beauty—宋七力 (Sungchili) upholds a return to one’s own本體
(Ben-ti/Primordial Mind) and from which to derive one’s own分身 (Fen-shen)
and other concrete intelligible entities; rather than aspiring for
salvation of an external God, the God about whom we know scarcely
anything. The return to one’s own本體 (Ben-ti/Primordial Mind) is the
most direct and feasible access. |
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21.至於“生命之永恆”,本尊並不是指肉體的永生或復活,也不是康德所謂的“individual
immortality(個體不朽)”(註:康德以“個體不朽”作為道德得以被實踐,被滿全的前提,若沒有此前提,康德認為道德無法被滿全的實踐出來。黑格爾所認為“人心不朽”較近似本尊所說的“本體/本心的永恆”。本體的體性有一項就是“永恆性”,超越時間的區隔,打破“過去”、
“現在”、
“未來”的劃分,達到“無古今”的境界:過去發生的事情可以重播上演於現實現地,未來將要發生之事也能預先上演於現實現地,這全是透過本體的超越體性,如廣大性與無限性來涵取過去或未來的事,將其搬運到現有的時間空間中;換言之,現在這個時份包含了過去與未來的兩個時份。因此,掌握了現在這個時份也就同時掌握了過去與未來兩個時份,這也就是為何本尊強調要珍惜現有,現惜此生,希望人人都能在有生之年顯發自己的本體,人人在生之時就能分身,以實現個人生命之永恆,而非希冀於飄渺的未來。為了要實現個人生命價值,將有限的肉身生命轉化為無限的精神生命,並在精神宇宙中實現所有理想,真、善、美,本尊強調人人回歸自己的本體,繼而能分身,能變現任何所欲之精神實體,作自己的主宰;而非向外拜偶像,希求偶像救贖自己的生命。本尊主張回歸自己的本體是提升個人生命最直接可行之道。 |
In contrast to Nietzsche’s philosophy of “Superman,” 宋七力 (Sungchili)’s
theme is a philosophy of “分身 (Fen-shen),” the primary purpose of
which is to derive one’s own分身 (Fen-shen) and, by means of which, to
survive the death of flesh-and-blood body and attain the ultimate
goal of life—eternal life. For分身 (Fen-shen), as宋七力 (Sungchili)
suggests in the light of his experience, is a purely intelligible
entity, self-subsisting and entirely in-and-for itself, unlike
mortal beings depending on material substance and destined to
corrupt in the end. 分身 (Fen-shen) represents the paragon of the
perfect and immortal type of being. With one’s own分身 (Fen-shen)
derived within one’s lifetime, it is the best testimony to assure
the preservation of the sense of “I” after death inasmuch as分身 (Fen-shen)
is an intelligible entity directly derived from one’s own本體 (Ben-ti/Primordial
Mind), which contains not only one’s consciousness and memories, but
also the faculties of mind. 分身 (Fen-shen) is the way through which
one may attain eternal life. In addition, another goal in the
philosophy of分身 (Fen-shen) is to attain self-mastery, the realm
where the power of will is fully realised and the freedom of mind is
entirely emancipated from fetters of so called “moral doctrines” or
“doctrines of God,” and thereby to redeem human dignity which has
long been enslaved by the fetishism of idols, and furthermore to
become real free spirit and enjoy what宋七力 (Sungchili) calls “the
ultimate pleasure of self-mastery” in this world, rather than
expecting it in a remote future or another life. These are the mains
purposes of 宋七力 (Sungchili)’s philosophy of分身 (Fen-shen). |
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22.相較於尼采的超人哲學,本尊的哲學是分身哲學。本尊以自身為實例,鼓勵大家回歸到自己的本體,揚棄所有對偶像崇拜的執著,抛掉所有封閉本心自由的障蔽,其目的主要是要恢復人性的尊嚴,解脫所有似是而非的教條,進一步能達到真正的自由,在有生之年就能享受“常淨我樂”,不必等到遙不可及的未來或來世。這就是本尊的“分身哲學”之主要目的。 |
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